Vim Cheat Sheet

This is my fork of the https://vim.rtorr.com/.

Global

  • :help keyword - open help for keyword
  • :e file - open file
  • :e dir - open file manager
  • :so file - execute file in the vim
  • :r filename - Insert content of the file filename below the cursor
  • :r !command - Execute command and insert its output below the cursor
  • :pwd - print current working directory
  • :cd %:p:h - change to the directory of the currently open file (this sets the current directory for all windows in Vim)
  • :cd - change current working directory
  • :! command - invoke external command
  • :syntax on/off - turn on/off syntax highlighting
  • K - open man page for word under the cursor

Undo/redo

  • u - undo the last operation
  • Ctrl+r - redo the last undo

Save and Exiting

  • :w - write (save) the file, but don't exit
  • :wa - write (save) all files, but don't exit
  • :w !sudo tee % - write out the current file using sudo
  • :wq or :x or ZZ - write (save) and quit
  • :saveas file - save file as
  • :q - quit (fails if there are unsaved changes)
  • :q! or ZQ - quit and throw away unsaved changes
  • :wqa - write (save) and quit on all tabs
Tip: Symblos to fast navigation in the Ex mode

%The entire file (shorthand for :1,$)
0Virtual line above first line of the file
1First line of the file
.Line where the cursor is placed
$Last line of the file
'mLine containing mark m
'<Start of visual selection
'>End of visual selection

Command line

  • q: show commands history
  • :Ctrl+r Ctrl+w - insert current word into the command line
  • :Ctrl+r " - paste from “ register
  • :[range]d[elete] [x] - delete specified lines [into register x]
  • :[range]y[ank] [x] - yank specified lines [into register x]
  • :[line]p[ut] [x] - put the text from register x after the specified line
  • :[range]copy {address} - copy the specified lines to below the line specified by {address}
  • :[range]m[ove] {address} - move the specified lines to below the line specified by {address}
  • :[range]normal {commands} - execute Normal mode {commands} on each specified line
  • :[r]s[ubstitute]/{p}/{s}/[f] - substitute command allows us to find and replace one chunk of text with another
  • :[r] g[lobal][!] /{p}/ [cmd] - allows to run an Ex command on each line that matches a particular pattern

Editing

  • r - replace a single character
  • J - join line below to the current one with one space in between
  • gJ - join line below to the current one without space in between
  • gwip - reflow paragraph
  • cc - change (replace) entire line
  • C - change (replace) to the end of the line
  • c$ - change (replace) to the end of the line
  • ciw - change (replace) entire word
  • cw - change (replace) to the end of the word
  • s - delete character and substitute text
  • S - delete line and substitute text (same as cc)
  • xp - transpose two letters (delete and paste)
  • . - repeat last command

Cut and paste

  • yy - yank (copy) a line
  • 2yy - yank (copy) 2 lines
  • yw - yank (copy) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word
  • y$ - yank (copy) to end of line
  • p - put (paste) the clipboard after cursor
  • P - put (paste) before cursor
  • dd - delete (cut) a line
  • 2dd - delete (cut) 2 lines
  • dw - delete (cut) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word
  • D - delete (cut) to the end of the line
  • d$ - delete (cut) to the end of the line
  • x - delete (cut) character

Registers

  • :reg - show registers content
  • "xy - yank into register x
  • "+y - yank into system clipboard
  • "xp - paste contents of register x
Tip Registers are being stored in ~/.viminfo, and will be loaded again on next restart of vim.
Tip Register 0 contains always the value of the last yank command.
  • :cn - jump to the next match
  • :cp - jump to the previous match
  • :copen - open a window containing the list of matches

Insert mode - inserting/appending text

  • i - insert before the cursor
  • I - insert at the beginning of the line
  • a - insert (append) after the cursor
  • A - insert (append) at the end of the line
  • o - append (open) a new line below the current line
  • O - append (open) a new line above the current line
  • ea - insert (append) at the end of the word
  • Esc or Ctrl + [ - exit insert mode
  • Ctrl + o - invoke one command in the Normal mode
  • Ctrl + rx - paste contents of register x

Marking text (visual mode)

  • v - start visual mode, mark lines, then do a command (like y-yank)
  • V - start linewise visual mode
  • o - move to other end of marked area
  • Ctrl + v - start visual block mode
  • O - move to other corner of block
  • aw - mark a word
  • ab - a block with ()
  • aB - a block with {}
  • ib - inner block with ()
  • iB - inner block with {}
  • Esc - exit visual mode

Visual commands

  • > - shift text right
  • < - shift text left
  • y - yank (copy) marked text
  • d - delete marked text
  • ~ - switch case

Macros

  • qa - record macro a
  • q - stop recording macro
  • @a - run macro a
  • @@ - rerun last run macro

Cursor movement around the text

  • w - jump forwards to the start of a word
  • W - jump forwards to the start of a word (words can contain punctuation)
  • e - jump forwards to the end of a word
  • E - jump forwards to the end of a word (words can contain punctuation)
  • b - jump backwards to the start of a word
  • B - jump backwards to the start of a word (words can contain punctuation)
  • 0 - jump to the start of the line
  • ^ - jump to the first non-blank character of the line
  • $ - jump to the end of the line
  • g_ - jump to the last non-blank character of the line
  • gg - go to the first line of the document
  • G - go to the last line of the document
  • 5G - go to line 5
  • fx - jump to next occurrence of character x
  • tx - jump to before next occurrence of character x
  • Fx - jump to previous occurence of character x
  • Tx - jump to after previous occurence of character x
  • ; - repeat previous f, t, F or T movement
  • , - repeat previous f, t, F or T movement, backwards
  • * - jumps to the next such word
Tip Prefix a cursor movement command with a number to repeat it. For example, 4j moves down 4 lines.
  • % - move to matching character (default supported pairs: '()', '{}', '[]' - use :h matchpairs in vim for more info)
  • ) - jumps to the next sentence
  • ( - jumps to the previous sentence
  • } - jump to next paragraph (or function/block, when editing code)
  • { - jump to previous paragraph (or function/block, when editing code)
  • ]] - jump to next section
  • ][ - jump to the end of the next section
  • [[ - jump to previous section
  • [] - jump to the end of the previous section
  • Ctrl+o - jump to the previous position
  • Ctrl+i - jump to the next position

Cursor movement around the screen

  • h - move cursor left
  • j - move cursor down
  • k - move cursor up
  • l - move cursor right
  • zz - center cursor on screen
  • H - move to top of screen
  • M - move to middle of screen
  • L - move to bottom of screen
  • Ctrl + e - move screen down one line (without moving cursor)
  • Ctrl + y - move screen up one line (without moving cursor)
  • Ctrl + b - move back one full screen
  • Ctrl + f - move forward one full screen
  • Ctrl + d - move forward 1/2 a screen
  • Ctrl + u - move back 1/2 a screen

Marks

  • :marks - list of marks
  • ma - set current position for mark A
  • `a - jump to position of mark A
  • 'a - jump to line with mark A
  • `` - position before the last jump within current file

Search and replace

  • :g/TODO - show all lines with TODO
  • /pattern - search for pattern
  • ?pattern - search backward for pattern
  • \vpattern - 'very magic' pattern: non-alphanumeric characters are interpreted as special regex symbols (no escaping needed)
  • n - repeat search in same direction
  • N - repeat search in opposite direction
  • :%s/old/new/g - replace all old with new throughout file
  • :%s/old/new/gc - replace all old with new throughout file with confirmations
  • :set hlsearch - highlighting of search matches
  • :noh - remove highlighting of search matches

Search in multiple files

  • :vimgrep /pattern/ {`{file}`} - search for pattern in multiple files
  • :copen - show all found places
  • :close - close window with results
  • cn - go to the next result
  • cp - go to the previous result
Tip

Use of "\v" means that after it, all ASCII characters except '0'-'9', 'a'-'z', 'A'-'Z' and '_' have special meaning: "very magic"
Use of "\V" means that after it, only a backslash and the terminating character (usually / or ?) have special meaning: "very nomagic"

after: \v\m \M \V matches
         'magic''nomagic'
a a a a literal 'a'
\a \a \a \a any alphabetic character
. . \. \. any character
\. \. . . literal dot
$ $ $ \$ end-of-line
* * \* \* any number of the previous atom
~ ~ \~ \~ latest substitute string
() \(\) \(\) \(\) group as an atom
| \| \| \| nothing: separates alternatives
\\ \\ \\ \\ literal backslash
\{ { { { literal curly brace

Working with multiple files

  • :e file - edit a file in a new buffer
  • :ls - list all open buffers
  • :bnext or :bn or Ctrl + ^ - go to the next buffer
  • :bprev or :bp - go to the previous buffer
  • :bd - delete a buffer (close a file)
  • :sp file - open a file in a new buffer and split window
  • :vsp file - open a file in a new buffer and vertically split window

Working with Tabs

  • :tabnew or :tabnew {page.words.file} - open a file in a new tab
  • gt or :tabnext or :tabn - move to the next tab
  • gT or :tabprev or :tabp - move to the previous tab
  • #gt - move to tab number #
  • :tabmove # or :tabm # - move current tab to the #th position (indexed from 0). Also +# or -# move current tab to forward or backward on # positions
  • :tabclose or :tabc - close the current tab and all its windows
  • :tabonly or :tabo - close all tabs except for the current one
  • :tabdo command - run the command on all tabs (e.g. :tabdo q - closes all opened tabs)

Working with windows

  • Ctrl + wT - move the current split window into its own tab
  • Ctrl + ws or :sp {file} - split window (and open file)
  • Ctrl + wv or :vsp {file} - split window vertically (and open file)
  • Ctrl + wc - close the active window
  • Ctrl + wo - keep only the active window, closing all others
  • Ctrl + wq - quit a window
  • Ctrl + w{hljk} - move cursor to the left/right/below/above window
  • Ctrl + ww - switch windows
  • Ctrl + w{HLJK} - move window to the left/right/below/above window
  • Ctrl + wr - move windows clockwise (horizontal split)
  • Ctrl + wr - move windows counter-clockwise (horizontal split)
  • [size]Ctrl + w_ - set height to 'size' or maximize height of the active window
  • [size]Ctrl + w| - set wight to 'size' or maximize width of the active window
  • 20Ctrl + w+orw- - increase or decrease height of the active window on 20
  • 20Ctrl + w<orw> - increase or decrease wight of the active window on 20
Tip resize current window:

:res +5 increase size

:res -5 decrease size

Folding

  • zc - fold block
  • zo - unfold block
  • zM - fold all blocks
  • zR - unfold all blocks
  • za - invert folding
  • zf - fold selected in manual mode
  • :set foldenable - turn on folding
  • :set foldmethod=syntax /indent /manual /marker /bigin,end

Spellcheck

  • :set spell spelllang=ru,en - turn on spellcheck for russian & english
  • :set nospell - turn off spellchecking
  • ]s - next word with mistake
  • [s - previous word with mistake
  • z= - change word by the one from the list
  • zg - mark word as good
  • zw - mark word as wrong
  • zG - ignore word
Tip add dictionaries from the http://ftp.vim.org/vim/runtime/spell/
mkdir -p ~/.vim/spell
cd ~/.vim/spell
wget [vim.org]/ru.koi8-r.sug
wget [vim.org]/ru.koi8-r.spl
wget [vim.org]/en.ascii.sug
wget [vim.org]/en.ascii.spl

Комментариев нет: