This is my fork of the https://vim.rtorr.com/. |
Global
- :help keyword - open help for keyword
- :e file - open file
- :e dir - open file manager
- :so file - execute file in the vim
- :r filename - Insert content of the file filename below the cursor
- :r !command - Execute command and insert its output below the cursor
- :pwd - print current working directory
- :cd %:p:h - change to the directory of the currently open file (this sets the current directory for all windows in Vim)
- :cd - change current working directory
- :! command - invoke external command
- :syntax on/off - turn on/off syntax highlighting
- K - open man page for word under the cursor
Undo/redo
- u - undo the last operation
- Ctrl+r - redo the last undo
Save and Exiting
- :w - write (save) the file, but don't exit
- :wa - write (save) all files, but don't exit
- :w !sudo tee % - write out the current file using sudo
- :wq or :x or ZZ - write (save) and quit
- :saveas file - save file as
- :q - quit (fails if there are unsaved changes)
- :q! or ZQ - quit and throw away unsaved changes
- :wqa - write (save) and quit on all tabs
Tip: Symblos to fast navigation in the Ex mode
% | The entire file (shorthand for :1,$) |
0 | Virtual line above first line of the file |
1 | First line of the file |
. | Line where the cursor is placed |
$ | Last line of the file |
'm | Line containing mark m |
'< | Start of visual selection |
'> | End of visual selection |
Command line
- q: show commands history
- :Ctrl+r Ctrl+w - insert current word into the command line
- :Ctrl+r " - paste from “ register
- :[range]d[elete] [x] - delete specified lines [into register x]
- :[range]y[ank] [x] - yank specified lines [into register x]
- :[line]p[ut] [x] - put the text from register x after the specified line
- :[range]copy {address} - copy the specified lines to below the line specified by {address}
- :[range]m[ove] {address} - move the specified lines to below the line specified by {address}
- :[range]normal {commands} - execute Normal mode {commands} on each specified line
- :[r]s[ubstitute]/{p}/{s}/[f] - substitute command allows us to find and replace one chunk of text with another
- :[r] g[lobal][!] /{p}/ [cmd] - allows to run an Ex command on each line that matches a particular pattern
Editing
- r - replace a single character
- J - join line below to the current one with one space in between
- gJ - join line below to the current one without space in between
- gwip - reflow paragraph
- cc - change (replace) entire line
- C - change (replace) to the end of the line
- c$ - change (replace) to the end of the line
- ciw - change (replace) entire word
- cw - change (replace) to the end of the word
- s - delete character and substitute text
- S - delete line and substitute text (same as cc)
- xp - transpose two letters (delete and paste)
- . - repeat last command
Cut and paste
- yy - yank (copy) a line
- 2yy - yank (copy) 2 lines
- yw - yank (copy) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word
- y$ - yank (copy) to end of line
- p - put (paste) the clipboard after cursor
- P - put (paste) before cursor
- dd - delete (cut) a line
- 2dd - delete (cut) 2 lines
- dw - delete (cut) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word
- D - delete (cut) to the end of the line
- d$ - delete (cut) to the end of the line
- x - delete (cut) character
Registers
- :reg - show registers content
- "xy - yank into register x
- "+y - yank into system clipboard
- "xp - paste contents of register x
Tip Registers are being stored in ~/.viminfo, and will be loaded again on next restart of
vim.
Tip Register 0 contains always the value of the last yank command.
- :cn - jump to the next match
- :cp - jump to the previous match
- :copen - open a window containing the list of matches
Insert mode - inserting/appending text
- i - insert before the cursor
- I - insert at the beginning of the line
- a - insert (append) after the cursor
- A - insert (append) at the end of the line
- o - append (open) a new line below the current line
- O - append (open) a new line above the current line
- ea - insert (append) at the end of the word
- Esc or Ctrl + [ - exit insert mode
- Ctrl + o - invoke one command in the Normal mode
- Ctrl + rx - paste contents of register x
Marking text (visual mode)
- v - start visual mode, mark lines, then do a command (like y-yank)
- V - start linewise visual mode
- o - move to other end of marked area
- Ctrl + v - start visual block mode
- O - move to other corner of block
- aw - mark a word
- ab - a block with ()
- aB - a block with {}
- ib - inner block with ()
- iB - inner block with {}
- Esc - exit visual mode
Visual commands
- > - shift text right
- < - shift text left
- y - yank (copy) marked text
- d - delete marked text
- ~ - switch case
Macros
- qa - record macro a
- q - stop recording macro
- @a - run macro a
- @@ - rerun last run macro
Cursor movement around the text
- w - jump forwards to the start of a word
- W - jump forwards to the start of a word (words can contain punctuation)
- e - jump forwards to the end of a word
- E - jump forwards to the end of a word (words can contain punctuation)
- b - jump backwards to the start of a word
- B - jump backwards to the start of a word (words can contain punctuation)
- 0 - jump to the start of the line
- ^ - jump to the first non-blank character of the line
- $ - jump to the end of the line
- g_ - jump to the last non-blank character of the line
- gg - go to the first line of the document
- G - go to the last line of the document
- 5G - go to line 5
- fx - jump to next occurrence of character x
- tx - jump to before next occurrence of character x
- Fx - jump to previous occurence of character x
- Tx - jump to after previous occurence of character x
- ; - repeat previous f, t, F or T movement
- , - repeat previous f, t, F or T movement, backwards
- * - jumps to the next such word
Tip
Prefix a cursor movement command with a number to repeat it. For example, 4j moves down 4
lines.
-
% - move to matching character (default supported pairs: '()', '{}', '[]' - use
:h matchpairs
in vim for more info) - ) - jumps to the next sentence
- ( - jumps to the previous sentence
- } - jump to next paragraph (or function/block, when editing code)
- { - jump to previous paragraph (or function/block, when editing code)
- ]] - jump to next section
- ][ - jump to the end of the next section
- [[ - jump to previous section
- [] - jump to the end of the previous section
- Ctrl+o - jump to the previous position
- Ctrl+i - jump to the next position
Cursor movement around the screen
- h - move cursor left
- j - move cursor down
- k - move cursor up
- l - move cursor right
- zz - center cursor on screen
- H - move to top of screen
- M - move to middle of screen
- L - move to bottom of screen
- Ctrl + e - move screen down one line (without moving cursor)
- Ctrl + y - move screen up one line (without moving cursor)
- Ctrl + b - move back one full screen
- Ctrl + f - move forward one full screen
- Ctrl + d - move forward 1/2 a screen
- Ctrl + u - move back 1/2 a screen
Marks
- :marks - list of marks
- ma - set current position for mark A
- `a - jump to position of mark A
- 'a - jump to line with mark A
- `` - position before the last jump within current file
Search and replace
- :g/TODO - show all lines with TODO
- /pattern - search for pattern
- ?pattern - search backward for pattern
- \vpattern - 'very magic' pattern: non-alphanumeric characters are interpreted as special regex symbols (no escaping needed)
- n - repeat search in same direction
- N - repeat search in opposite direction
- :%s/old/new/g - replace all old with new throughout file
- :%s/old/new/gc - replace all old with new throughout file with confirmations
- :set hlsearch - highlighting of search matches
- :noh - remove highlighting of search matches
Search in multiple files
- :vimgrep /pattern/ {`{file}`} - search for pattern in multiple files
- :copen - show all found places
- :close - close window with results
- cn - go to the next result
- cp - go to the previous result
Tip
Use of "\v" means that after it, all ASCII characters except '0'-'9', 'a'-'z',
'A'-'Z' and '_' have special meaning: "very magic"
Use of "\V" means that after it, only a backslash and the terminating
character (usually / or ?) have special meaning: "very nomagic"
after: | \v | \m | \M | \V | matches |
          | 'magic' | 'nomagic' | |||
a | a | a | a | literal 'a' | |
\a | \a | \a | \a | any alphabetic character | |
. | . | \. | \. | any character | |
\. | \. | . | . | literal dot | |
$ | $ | $ | \$ | end-of-line | |
* | * | \* | \* | any number of the previous atom | |
~ | ~ | \~ | \~ | latest substitute string | |
() | \(\) | \(\) | \(\) | group as an atom | |
| | \| | \| | \| | nothing: separates alternatives | |
\\ | \\ | \\ | \\ | literal backslash | |
\{ | { | { | { | literal curly brace |
Working with multiple files
- :e file - edit a file in a new buffer
- :ls - list all open buffers
- :bnext or :bn or Ctrl + ^ - go to the next buffer
- :bprev or :bp - go to the previous buffer
- :bd - delete a buffer (close a file)
- :sp file - open a file in a new buffer and split window
- :vsp file - open a file in a new buffer and vertically split window
Working with Tabs
- :tabnew or :tabnew {page.words.file} - open a file in a new tab
- gt or :tabnext or :tabn - move to the next tab
- gT or :tabprev or :tabp - move to the previous tab
- #gt - move to tab number #
- :tabmove # or :tabm # - move current tab to the #th position (indexed from 0). Also +# or -# move current tab to forward or backward on # positions
- :tabclose or :tabc - close the current tab and all its windows
- :tabonly or :tabo - close all tabs except for the current one
-
:tabdo command - run the
command
on all tabs (e.g.:tabdo q
- closes all opened tabs)
Working with windows
- Ctrl + wT - move the current split window into its own tab
- Ctrl + ws or :sp {file} - split window (and open file)
- Ctrl + wv or :vsp {file} - split window vertically (and open file)
- Ctrl + wc - close the active window
- Ctrl + wo - keep only the active window, closing all others
- Ctrl + wq - quit a window
- Ctrl + w{hljk} - move cursor to the left/right/below/above window
- Ctrl + ww - switch windows
- Ctrl + w{HLJK} - move window to the left/right/below/above window
- Ctrl + wr - move windows clockwise (horizontal split)
- Ctrl + wr - move windows counter-clockwise (horizontal split)
- [size]Ctrl + w_ - set height to 'size' or maximize height of the active window
- [size]Ctrl + w| - set wight to 'size' or maximize width of the active window
- 20Ctrl + w+orw- - increase or decrease height of the active window on 20
- 20Ctrl + w<orw> - increase or decrease wight of the active window on 20
Tip resize current window:
:res +5 increase size
:res -5 decrease size
Folding
- zc - fold block
- zo - unfold block
- zM - fold all blocks
- zR - unfold all blocks
- za - invert folding
- zf - fold selected in manual mode
- :set foldenable - turn on folding
- :set foldmethod=syntax /indent /manual /marker /bigin,end
Spellcheck
- :set spell spelllang=ru,en - turn on spellcheck for russian & english
- :set nospell - turn off spellchecking
- ]s - next word with mistake
- [s - previous word with mistake
- z= - change word by the one from the list
- zg - mark word as good
- zw - mark word as wrong
- zG - ignore word
Tip add dictionaries from the
http://ftp.vim.org/vim/runtime/spell/
mkdir -p ~/.vim/spell cd ~/.vim/spell wget [vim.org]/ru.koi8-r.sug wget [vim.org]/ru.koi8-r.spl wget [vim.org]/en.ascii.sug wget [vim.org]/en.ascii.spl
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